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Contributing to the Accountability Web: The Role of NHRIs and the SDGs

 


National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) are independent bodies set up with a mandate to promote and protect human rights in their country. There are over 100 of these institutions in the world and each acts as a bridge between its own country and the international human rights system. NHRIs also support existing international accountability mechanisms through their role in treaty monitoring and shadow reporting on state compliance, including the Universal Periodic Review process. It is the independent nature of most NHRIs and their experience in monitoring the implementation of standards of technology that places them in the perfect position to be at the heart of what Kate Donald calls the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) ‘web of accountability’.1

Recognizing this potential, the International Coordinating Committee of NHRIs (ICC) focused  international conferences on the role that NHRIs can play in the SDGs. The Mérida Declaration, which arose from this conference, identified several important roles for NHRIs in this agenda.2 These include knowledge exchange; impact assessment; facilitating partnership working; enabling participation; collecting data; promoting human rights-based approaches; monitoring; conducting inquiries; and facilitating access to justice.

A particular role was identified for NHRIs when it comes to measuring progress toward the implementation of the SDGs in their home countries. This could involve:

●     Promoting human rights-based approaches to national and local governments, to people whose rights are affected in practice, and to other stakeholders

●     Helping develop effective national indicators and ways of collecting data

●     Engaging with all stakeholders to raise awareness, build trust,  technology, and promote dialogue around taking a human rights-based approach to implementing and monitoring the SDGs

●     Safeguarding space for people whose rights are affected by the SDG agenda (“rights holders”) and the civil society groups that work with them.

In practical terms, this means that NHRIs are well-placed to carry out a range of activities. They can:

●     Support national and local governments, rights holders, and others to understand the principles of human rights-based approaches (participation, empowerment, non-discrimination, accountability, and legality) and how to apply them in practice

●     Support the integration of the SDGs into national and local strategies, service delivery plans, and national human rights action plans

●     Support the development of human rights-based outcomes and indicators as part of national processes for measuring a State’s progress on SDGs, which also enables them to measure compliance with their international human rights obligations3

●     Support rights holders, civil society groups, and governments to draw direct links between SDGs and international human rights obligations through human rights treaty reporting and shadow reporting processes. This is particularly important now that it seems unlikely there will be an official channel to submit shadow reports within the SDG review process. The Danish Institute has produced a comprehensive human rights guide to the SDGs, setting out the human rights anchorage of each of the 17 goals and 169 targets. This guide can help states incorporate the SDGs into their human rights reporting and civil society in their shadow reporting.

●     Ensure, as NHRIs, that their own shadow reporting to human rights bodies systematically makes explicit links with the SDGs

●     Encourage those responsible for data creation and/or collection to improve the availability of technology-disaggregated data. The Danish Institute guide can also help support human rights-based indicator selection for the SDG targets and support capacity building on taking a human rights-based approach to the realization of SDGs.

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